Water security could be narrowly defined as a measure of the reliability and availability of water supplies needed to meet human demands. However, this definition is insufficient as it excludes the broad range of issues and complexities inherent in assessing water security. The age-old approach of locating and developing water supplies to meet human demands is being replaced with the reality that human demands must be managed and that accessing water supplies must be done in a manner that includes consideration for biodiversity as well as human needs and wants.
Water security therefore encompasses aspects of science, planning, management, infrastructure, and risk assessment pertaining to water quality and quantity on a watershed and/or aquifer scale. Since water is inter-connected with human health and wellness, food supplies, energy supplies, the economic viability of industry, as well as sustained biodiversity, the challenges of assessing water security become apparent. Addressing these challenges frequently includes addressing trans-boundary issues, equity considerations and competing values.
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) International Hydrology Programme (IHP) program plan for 2014-2021 has placed an emphasis on water security, which is consistent with UNESCO’s eight-year Medium-term Strategy (2014-2021). According to the World Bank, “water is crucial in determining whether the world will achieve the sustainable development goals”.
